A second element (vv 3–4) describes the speech in the room. There is no discussion leading to a decision. This decision has already been made (cf. Knierim, VT 18 [1968] 58). The discussion and the decision have already been described in chap. 1. The seraphs support the decision with a chorus of praises for the holiness and glory of God. A third element has the cry of woe reflect the narrator’s response. Tidwell (JBL 94 [1975] 343–55) sees this as a parallel to the protests of the “call narratives.”